What theory proposes that major evolutionary changes occur through rapid jumps followed by long periods of stability?

Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated equilibrium, proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge, challenges the notion of constant gradual evolution by suggesting that periods of rapid change in species are followed by long periods of stability. This theory is supported by the fossil record, which often shows abrupt transitions rather than smooth, linear changes. Punctuated equilibrium has sparked significant debates about the pace of evolution, highlighting the complexity of evolutionary mechanisms and how they are reflected in paleontological data. This perspective has enriched our understanding of evolution by recognizing the diversity of speeds and modes by which species can change over time.