Which artist created “Luncheon on the Grass,” a painting that scandalized the audience at the Salon des Refusés in 1863?

Édouard Manet

"Luncheon on the Grass" by Édouard Manet broke the conventions of painting of his time by depicting a picnic scene where a nude woman is surrounded by clothed men. Presented at the Salon des Refusés, an alternative exhibition created by Napoleon III, the painting caused a wave of shock and outrage among the public and critics for its bold treatment of female nudity and its questioning of social norms. This work is considered a precursor to modern art, paving the way for Impressionism and other avant-garde movements.