Which chemical process is used to preserve food by preventing the growth of microorganisms?

Pasteurization

Pasteurization, named after the scientist Louis Pasteur who developed it in the 1860s, is a process that uses heat to kill microorganisms in food and beverages, such as milk, juice, and beer. This moderate heat treatment extends the shelf life of food products while preserving their nutritional and taste qualities. The discovery of pasteurization marked a turning point in the food industry and public health, significantly reducing the transmission of foodborne illnesses. Pasteur's impact on microbiology and food safety continues to influence modern food preservation practices.