Which scientist is credited with developing the first vaccine against smallpox?

Edward Jenner

Edward Jenner, an 18th-century English physician, is recognized for developing the first vaccine against smallpox, thus marking the beginning of immunology. His observation that people who had contracted cowpox were then protected against human smallpox led him to create the vaccine. This discovery not only saved countless lives but also paved the way for the eradication of smallpox in the 20th century, a major public health achievement. Jenner is often called the "father of immunology" for his pioneering role in the development of vaccines.