Which scientist is famous for introducing the idea that matter can be converted into energy, summarized by the equation E=mc²?

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, established one of the most famous equations in physics: E=mc². This equation states that energy (E) equals mass (m) multiplied by the square of the speed of light (c²), thus demonstrating that mass can be converted into energy and vice versa. This discovery not only revolutionized our understanding of the universe but also paved the way for practical and sometimes controversial applications, such as nuclear energy and atomic weapons. The impact of this equation extends far beyond the realm of physics, touching on ethical, philosophical, and environmental issues.